The new creditors of developing countries

For more than half a century, Western financial institutions such as the IMF and the World Bank have played a decisive role in financing developing countries. Growing hostility towards these institutions and the structural reforms they are forcing have gradually allowed other states and organisations to assert themselves. In particular, after years of very strong …

Debt, 1789 and 2023: is history repeating itself?

The French Revolution has always been seen, quite rightly, as a period of insurrection in the face of the inequalities that remained. But these insurrections and social movements have often been analysed more than the inequalities themselves. One major phenomenon is often forgotten: the role of debt in the birth of the Revolution of 1789 …